EAPEI CIFOR Causes and impacts of Fire SEAEI 03

Activity Name: Causes and impacts of fires

Country of Implementation: Indonesia
Implementing Institutions: USDA Forest Service/Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
Host Country Counterpart Institutions: Indonesia Ministry of Forestry and Estate Crops

	Estimated Expenditure by Fiscal Year of Implementation
Fiscal Year	1998
Amount	$700,000

Operating Unit: Funding: ANE/SPOTS Managing: G/ENV/DAA Objective Number: 498-015 1998 SEA-03

Brief Activity Description: This assessment is objectively analyzing the different scenarios under which the 97-98 fires in Indonesia occurred. It is the evaluation which directly links the events on the ground with satellite imagery and aerial photography. It is implemented by a research partnership involving the US Forest Service’s Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC) in Salt Lake City, the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the International Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), both in Indonesia. The following has been accomplished:

Eight study sites with different historical land use patterns were chosen across Sumatra and Kalimantan. A number of common land use situations were studied including large-scale plantations, transmigration projects, small-holder plantations, logging activities in natural forests and agriculture. The sites also included some areas with peat soils, the burning of which contributed substantially to smoke and haze during the 1997/98 fires.
The sites formed the basis for understanding the extent to which the causes of fires are influenced by land use policies and practices from the village level through to the central government, obtained from combined spatial analysis with social science research. Satellite imagery along with the field investigations provided information on the location, extent, and the type of land cover burned. Only through extensive interviews with local people combined with on-the-ground participatory mapping, the information could be derived regarding who was responsible for the fires and what were the underlying reasons for them.
The report was finalized in March 2001, describing the situations under which fire occurred, the underlying causes and its environmental impacts. It quantified the area burned within the pilot sites according to underlying causes of the fires. The study identified four direct causes of fire. Based on the identification of both direct and indirect causes of fire, crucial policy issues and implications are highlighted. Most of these policy issues will need to be assessed in the light of the ongoing decentralization of decision making power from the central government to the provincial and district authorities.
The result of this study will be disseminated to several local government, NGO and plantation owner of Lampung, South Sumatera and Riau provinces. This seminar is planned to take place in Bandar Lampung, October, 11^th 2001. The seminar is part of Phase-2 activity funded by European Union/EU, by which the underlying causes will be used as a starting point for further analysis of causes and possible solutions.

CIFOR and ICRAF are currently undertaking Phase II research with funding assistance from the European Commision with the project THE UNDERLYING CAUSES AND IMPACTS OF FIRES IN INDONESIA (B7-6201/99-034-/DEV/FT).
The project will build on information and insights gained by previous investigations into the fires in various locations in Indonesia. CIFOR/ICRAF's objective is to go beyond the initial understanding of the causes of fires. This will be achieved by undertaking a social, economic, spatial, temporal, institutional and ecological analysis of the landscape at the provincial and site specific level. An analysis will be made of the changes and formation of fire-prone resistant landscapes. In order to assess the roles of the different factors influencing the creation of fire-prone and fire-resistant landscapes, sites will be studied in Sumatra and Kalimantan (with different historical land use patterns). These sites will form the basis for determining the extent to which fires are influenced by land use policies from village level through to central government. The sites will also cover areas with peat soils, the burning of which contributed a very large portion of the smoke and haze during the 1997/98 fires.

FS/IF site on Assessing the Underlying Causes and Impacts of Fires in Southeast Asia (Deleted)

Project FireFight South East Asia is the first element of a global initiative by WWF – The World Wide Fund for Nature and IUCN – The World Conservation Union, funded by the EC – European Commission. The project seeks to secure essential policy reform through a strategy of advocacy using syntheses and analysis of existing information and new outputs. Project FireFight South East Asia works at the national and regional level across South East Asia to support and advocate the creation of the legislative and economic bases for mitigating harmful man-lit forest fires.

Fires in Indonesia : an assessment of the causes -- summary of research findings : 1997-1998 fires. Feb 2002. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) | International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) | U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service | USAID. Bur. for Asia and the Near East. Ofc. of Strategic Planning, Operations and Technical Support | USAID. Bur. for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade. Ofc. of Environment and Natural Resources. 15 p. [17 p.] PN-ACS-859 (Paper)

Suyanto, S. | Dennis, Rona | et al. Aug 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : site 1. Sekincau, Lampung Province, Indonesia -- site report PN-ACT-615 827 KB

Suyanto, S. | Dennis, Rona | et al. Aug 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : site 2. Menggala, Lampung Province, Indonesia -- site report PN-ACT-617 1,581 KB

Suyanto, S. | Ruchiat, Y. | et al.Sep 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : site 3. Tanah Tumbuh, Jambi Province, Indonesia -- site report PN-ACT-619 761 KB

Dennis, R. A. | Ruchiat, Y. | et al. Sep 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : site 4. Musi Banyu Asin, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia -- site report PN-ACT-620 1,196 KB

Dennis, R. A., Erman, A. Nov 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : site 5. Danau Sentarum, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia -- site report PN-ACT-621 1,852 KB

Mayer, J. | Suratmoko, B. | et al. Sep 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : site 6. Sanggau, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia -- site report PN-ACT-622 1,001 KB

Suyanto, S. | Ruchiat, Y. | et al. Aug 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : site 7. Tumbang Titi, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia -- site report PN-ACT-624 2,004 KB

Colfer, C. | Dennis, R. A. | Applegate, G. Sep 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : site 8. Long Segar, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia -- site report PN-ACT-625 1,021 KB

Mayer, Judith | Suratmoko, Bagus Aug 2000 The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : fire and landscape in Sanggau, West Kalimantan [Province], Indonesia -- socio-economic report PN-ACT-623 1,263 KB

Suyanto, S. | Ruchiat, Yayat n.d. The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : ]impacts of human activities and land tenure conflict on fires and land use change : case study of Menggala-Lampung-Sumatra[ Province, Indonesia -- socio-economic report] PN-ACT-618 406 KB

Suyanto, S. n.d.[The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-east Asia : ]fire, deforestation and land tenure in the north-eastern fringes of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung[ Province, Indonesia -- socio-economic report] PN-ACT-616 362 KB

Ruchiat, Yayat n.d. Penyebab dan dampak kebakaran hutan dan lahan (the underlying causes and impacts of fire [i.e., fires in Southeast Asia]) -- studi kasus : Tumbang Titi, Kabupeten Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat[, Indonesia] PN-ACT-626 308 KB

Grahame Applegate Forest Scientist, Sustainable Forest Management Program	Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Mailing address P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia Office address Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindangbarang, Bogor Barat 16680, Indonesia	62 251 622 622 62 251 622 100	g.applegate@cgiar.org
Benge, Mike	International Programs USDA Forest Service 1099 14th St NW 5500W Washington, DC 20005-3402	202501 3025 202 273 4748	mbenge@fs.us.gov http://www.fs.fed.us/global
Dennis, Rona A Remote Sensing/GIS Analyst	Center for International Forestry Research Jalan CIFOR Situ Gede, Sindang Barang Bogor Barat 16680 Indonesia	62 21 622 622 62 21 622 100	r.dennis@cgiar.org
Man, Gary	International Programs USDA Forest Service 1099 14th St NW 5500W Washington, DC 20005-3402	202 273 4746 202 273 4750	gman@fs.us.gov http://www.fs.fed.us/global
Paul A. Maus Remote Sensing Specialist	Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC) USDA Forest Service 2222 W. 2300 S. Salt Lake City, UT 84119	801 975 3756	pmaus@fs.fed.us
Melnyk, Mary PhD Environment Analyst USDA RSSA	USAID Asia and Near East Bureau 1325 G St NW Room 460 Washington, DC 20005-3104	202 219 0501 202 219 0506	mmelnyk@usaid.gov
MacDicken, Dr Kenneth G Director of Research	Jl CIFOR Situ Gede Sindang Barang PO Box 161 Bogor 16001 Indonesia Mail to: PO Box 6596 JKPWB Jakarta 10065 Indonesia	62 25 162 2622 or 662 070 x707 62 25 162 2100	k.macdicken@cgiar.org
Tomich, Dr Thomas P Principal Economist and Global ASB Coordinator	International Centre for Research in Agroforestry United Nations Ave, Gigiri PO Box 30677 Nairobi, Kenya	254 252 4139 254 252 4001	T.Tomich@cgiar.org